The answer to this question is “probably yes-at least in some people. “ If a Person smokes and has not been able to break the habit, he or she may have a true physical
The Action Of Nicotine
Here’s how nicotine works in the body when a person smokes a cigarette. Inhaling cigarette smoke brings nicotine directly to the lungs, where it is transferred through the thin membranes of the lung tissue into the bloodstream. Pumped out through the aorta, one-fourth of the nicotine soon passes directly into the brain, where it stimulates nicotine receptors. As a result, the brain releases chemicals that, in turn, stimulate the cardiovascular system. The hearth beats faster and the blood pressure goes up.
Meanwhile, the remainder of the inhaled nicotine is carried in the bloodstream to the rest of the body, where it acts at a number of nicotine receptor sites in body cells. Not only does it stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, it also causes the adrenal gland to release epinephrine, causing the “fight or flight “ reaction . The hearth beat increases by fifteen to twenty five beat per minute; the pupils of the eyes and the bronchioles of the lungs dilate, and the blood vessels in the fingers and toes constrict . Thermograms, or heat pictures, of smoker’s hand and feet clearly show the drop in temperature in fingers and toes after a cigarette is smoke. Epinephrine also stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the tisues.
Saturday, February 21, 2009
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Cigarettes Create Physical Dependence
What Psychological Presure Influence People To Smoke
It’s possible that some people use cigarettes, at least in part, as a drug to help them deal with psychological problems.
• Among men, those who have more emotional problems and are less sociable are more likely to keep smoking
• Smokers who are hard-driving, competitive, and overloaded with work are less likely to quit than those who are less driven
• Some smokers show a tendency to use other drugs. One expert says, “smokers consumes more coffee, more alcohol, more psychotropic (mind-altering) drugs, more marijuana, and more aspirin than do nonsmokers.”
SMOKING AND THINKING
You ‘ve seen it countless times , and if you smoke, you’ve certainly done it; student stand in the hall outside a classroom, smoking before an exam begins. Ask them why they do it, and many will say it makes them calm. Other will say that a cigarette helps them concrete. In fact, though, smoking may actually interfere with a person’s ability to think. That is the conclusion of a recent study in which a group of subjects were asked to recall a series of words they had had a chance to study before being tasted . Those subjects who were smokers were not able to remember as many of the words from the list as the nonsmokers could; the difference was statistically significant, furthermore, the smokers had less tendency to put the words from the list into logical categories as they wrote them down.
So if you know some one who smokes before taking an exam or facing any other situation that requires clear thinking , you might call attention to the fact that smoking reduces thinking. The person will do better without the cigarette.
It’s possible that some people use cigarettes, at least in part, as a drug to help them deal with psychological problems.
• Among men, those who have more emotional problems and are less sociable are more likely to keep smoking
• Smokers who are hard-driving, competitive, and overloaded with work are less likely to quit than those who are less driven
• Some smokers show a tendency to use other drugs. One expert says, “smokers consumes more coffee, more alcohol, more psychotropic (mind-altering) drugs, more marijuana, and more aspirin than do nonsmokers.”
SMOKING AND THINKING
You ‘ve seen it countless times , and if you smoke, you’ve certainly done it; student stand in the hall outside a classroom, smoking before an exam begins. Ask them why they do it, and many will say it makes them calm. Other will say that a cigarette helps them concrete. In fact, though, smoking may actually interfere with a person’s ability to think. That is the conclusion of a recent study in which a group of subjects were asked to recall a series of words they had had a chance to study before being tasted . Those subjects who were smokers were not able to remember as many of the words from the list as the nonsmokers could; the difference was statistically significant, furthermore, the smokers had less tendency to put the words from the list into logical categories as they wrote them down.
So if you know some one who smokes before taking an exam or facing any other situation that requires clear thinking , you might call attention to the fact that smoking reduces thinking. The person will do better without the cigarette.
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
SOCIAL GROUPS TO SMOKE
Of course, advertising and high-powered public relations campaigns don’t act on all of us equally. If they did, we would all be smokers. Other social pressures and our own psychological needs influence us as well, making some findings about the role of peer pressure and other social pressure in smoking;
• Smokers tend to have mates who smoke. One study found, for example, that among young women smokers, 68% had boyfriend or husbands who smoke.
• Blue- collar men have the highest smoking rates of all the social class/sex categories. Among women workers, how ever , it is the white collar woman who high rates; more of them smoke than blue collar woman workers
• Although smoking among teenagers in general has decreased recently, smoking among teenage girls has increased. Recent survey data on adolescents smoking habits reveal that by ages seventeen to nineteen, smoking is more prevalent among females than among males.
It’s risky to make broad generalizations about the meaning of these statistics, but they do underscore;
1. How importance some blue collar men may feel it is to maintain although, macho image
2. How rapidly women’s behavior and self-image are changing in our society (this last may be reflected in the change in teenage girls’ smoking, too)
Friday, February 6, 2009
CIGARETTES, THE POWER OF THE IMAGE I
One reason smoking is so prevalent today is that it has become a well-established part of our culture. When cigarette manufacturing first became a major industry at the turn of the century, the typical smoker was a middle-class working man. But during the 1920s men of all professions and backgrounds turned to the cigarette. Fashionable young women joined them; perhaps they thought smoking made them seem more sophisticated. By the beginning of the 1940s, advertising had started to build shining images for cigarettes.
Smokers seemed to be the heroes of the day-fighter pilots, soldier in the foxhole, tank driver, good-looking doctors, pretty nurses-and the word was trumpeted on the radio, in the newspapers and on billboards across the country. Then, after World War II, came the visual suggestion that cigarettes smokers were the good guy. The smoker was a tough, hand some private detective in a trench coat. The right cigarette became a sexual lure, attracting sweater-girl pinup beauties into the waiting arms of handsome young men. One cigarette advertiser even conferred a kind of medical certification on smoking, claiming that more doctors smoked their cigarettes than any other leading brands.
Smokers seemed to be the heroes of the day-fighter pilots, soldier in the foxhole, tank driver, good-looking doctors, pretty nurses-and the word was trumpeted on the radio, in the newspapers and on billboards across the country. Then, after World War II, came the visual suggestion that cigarettes smokers were the good guy. The smoker was a tough, hand some private detective in a trench coat. The right cigarette became a sexual lure, attracting sweater-girl pinup beauties into the waiting arms of handsome young men. One cigarette advertiser even conferred a kind of medical certification on smoking, claiming that more doctors smoked their cigarettes than any other leading brands.
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